Central Amsterdam, as this practice means the phrase
Central Amsterdam here means the districts inside and just around the canal ring, all reached on the same arrival figure and none of them charged differently.
The phrase is used narrowly. It covers Centrum, the Jordaan, Oud-Zuid, De Pijp, the Zuidas, Leidseplein, Rembrandtplein, Dam Square, the streets around the Vondelpark and the Red Light District. Every one of them sits on the same arrival figure and none of them carries a different fee.
Quiet is not evenly spread
Those districts differ enormously after dark, which matters to a guest who came for calm. A room three streets west of a busy square can be silent while a room on the square is not, and the difference is usually a matter of two minutes of walking rather than of neighbourhood reputation. The hub on a quiet room away from the nightlife goes through which parts hold their quiet and which do not.
The edge of the map
Schiphol and the hotels immediately around it are reachable, arranged separately, with the journey time agreed with you before the hour is held. Nothing outside Amsterdam and those airport hotels is served, and no exception is made for a short extra distance. A guest staying further out is better off booking a central room for the evening than asking for a journey that will not be made.
Why the fee does not move with the address
Because a travel charge turns every booking into a small negotiation about distance, and a practice built around short threads and few words has no use for one. The figure in her profile is the figure at any central address, at any hour, on any day of the week.